What are anal fissures?

What are anal fissures?

An anal fissure is a tear or cut in the lining of the anus. Due to the nature of the lining (a thin tissue), fissures can be extremely painful. If the anal fissure is deep, it can also affect the muscle tissue underneath. Anal fissures are commonly found in infants, but can impact humans of all ages.

Causes

Anal fissures can be caused by many things. The most common cause is from bowel movements. If stools are too hard or large, fissures can occur. In addition, constipation makes it arduous for bowel movements to pass smoothly, resulting in a strain that can play a major part in ripping the anal tissue. Is there is a decrease blood flow to the anorectal area, it can make the anal sphincter muscles tighten, making it harder for the anus to do its job properly.
Chronic diarrhea is another cause for anal strain. Tensions caused by Crohn’s disease or other inflammatory bowel diseases can cause inflammation. Lastly, childbirth can be a cause of anal fissures, due to the immense pressure women exert when vaginally giving birth.

Symptoms

Sharp pain in and around the anal area during and after a bowel movement is the most common symptom of anal fissures. Blood on stool or on tissue can also occur. A skin tag or crack around the anus/ near the anal fissure can exist.

Treatment

Usually, anal fissures are not considered a serious condition. Over the counter stool softeners or fiber supplements can promote healing. Taking sitz baths can relax the anus muscles and provide relief. Sitz bath can be purchased a local drug store. If anal fissures do not go away after several weeks, surgery may be required.
If you are considered about your bowel movements, anal health, or any matters relating to the perineum, it is important to consult a medical professional. Dr. Elist has over 30 years of experience helping improve the sexual health of men.