May 23rd, 2016
Hematospermia refers to appearance of blood in the male ejaculate (or semen). This condition is more common in young to middle-aged males (especially between 30-40 years of age), but any man can develop it after puberty. As grave as it may sound, hematospermia does not always signals a major medical concern. Depending upon the etiology and severity of symptoms, your doctor may advise a variety of treatment options.
Typically when men eject semen, they don’t examine it for blood, which is why experts believes that the actual prevalence of hematospermia is not exactly known in the general population.
The reproductive system of a male comprises of testes (the primary male organ) as well as an intricate system of ducts and glands that produces and release sperms into the female genital tract during the act of intercourse.
Sperms are produced in the male testes (which also serves as the storage site of sperms). During orgasm, the testicular muscles are contracted which moves the sperms to vas deferens along with a small quantity of fluid. The prostate and seminal vesicles are key reproductive glands which donates additional fluid (semen) to protect and nourish the sperms. This composition of semen and sperm passes through urethra towards the tip of penis for ejaculation. Bleeding occurring anywhere in the male genital tract can seep into the ejaculate; thereby causing this condition. Some common sources of hematospermia include:
Clinically, hematospermia can be classified into or secondary.
A male (or his partner) can observe blood in the semen during or after sex. However, the myth of rough sex to be the cause of bleeding is not true. Severe injuries of genital or urinary tract can also cause release of blood from the urethra but this should not be confused with hematospermia.
But if you are experiencing multiple episodes of blood in semen accompanied with painful ejaculatory or urinary symptoms, you should consult an expert urologist on emergent basis for optimal management.
1. Han, H., Zhou, X. G., Fan, D. D., Tian, L., & Zhang, X. D. (2015). An Unusual Etiology for Hematospermia and Treatments That Were Successful. Urology, 86(4), 740-743.
2. Li, Y. F., Liang, P. H., Sun, Z. Y., Zhang, Y., Bi, G., Zhou, B., … & Jin, F. S. (2012). Imaging diagnosis, transurethral endoscopic observation, and management of 43 cases of persistent and refractory hematospermia. Journal of andrology, 33(5), 906-916.
3. Karatas, F., Sahin, S., Imamoglu, G. I., & Altinbas, M. (2015). Panitumumab as a possible cause of hematospermia: what is the mechanism?. Future Oncology, 11(24), 3229-3231.
4. Akhter, W., Khan, F., & Chinegwundoh, F. (2013). Should every patient with hematospermia be investigated? A critical review. Central European journal of urology, 66(1), 79.
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